Enriching online learning experience: the three ‘presences’

It is clear from arguments on e-learning that whilst technology is a valuable medium of learning, the human element is critical in terms of creating the right environment for learning to take place. The role of the teacher in structuring Web content, in designing learning activities that promote high order thinking skills, and in providing an opportunity for sharing and collaborating remains central in online learning. This brief grounds online learning in a theoretical framework that is underpinned by three ‘types of presence’ which interlink to form the hallmark of online tutoring.